12 research outputs found

    Contribution des services dirigĂ©s par l’ontologie pour l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© de la gestion opĂ©rationnelle multi-acteurs des situations des crises

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    La gestion opĂ©rationnelle de situations de crise nĂ©cessite, selon l’importance et l’étendue de la crise, la mobilisation rapide et la coordination des diffĂ©rents services de secours. Malheureusement, cette coordination interservices est un exercice trĂšs dĂ©licat du fait de la diversitĂ© des acteurs intervenant sur le terrain et de l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des diffĂ©rentes organisations. Aujourd’hui, il y a un manque de coordination, l’information n’est que trĂšs peu partagĂ©e entre les acteurs opĂ©rationnels et la communication n’est pas formalisĂ©e. Ces inconvĂ©nients conduisent au dysfonctionnement des rĂ©ponses aux situations de crise. Afin de mieux rĂ©pondre aux situations de crise, nous proposons POLARISC, une plateforme interopĂ©rable de coordination interservices pour la gestion opĂ©rationnelle de catastrophes visualisant en temps rĂ©el le thĂ©Ăątre des opĂ©rations. L’objectif de POLARISC est d’aider Ă  la dĂ©cision quel que soit le niveau de commandement. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, le premier enjeu de cette thĂšse est de garantir une interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique entre les diffĂ©rents acteurs mĂ©tiers pour assurer l’échange et le partage des informations. À cet Ă©gard, l’idĂ©e est de formaliser sĂ©mantiquement les connaissances des acteurs mĂ©tiers de la gestion opĂ©rationnelle Ă  l’aide des ontologies. En effet, nous proposons une approche fĂ©dĂ©rĂ©e qui reprĂ©sente les donnĂ©es, les services, les processus et les mĂ©tiers de chaque acteur. Nous avons modĂ©lisĂ© les connaissances des acteurs de secours en dĂ©veloppant une ontologie modulaire (POLARISCO) comportant un module ontologique pour chaque acteur de secours et intĂ©grĂ© ces derniers pour proposer un vocabulaire partagĂ©. L’utilisation des ontologies de haut niveaux et des ontologies intermĂ©diaires, respectivement « Basic Formel Ontology » et « Common Core Ontologies », facilitent l’intĂ©gration de ces modules et de leurs mappings. Le deuxiĂšme enjeu est d’exploiter ces ontologies afin de diminuer l’ambigĂŒitĂ© et d’éviter la mal interprĂ©tation des informations Ă©changĂ©es. Par consĂ©quent, nous proposons un service de messagerie appelĂ© PROMES transformant sĂ©mantiquement le message envoyĂ© par un acteur Ă©metteur selon le module ontologique de l’acteur destinataire. En effet, PROMES se base sur l’ontologie POLARISCO et sert Ă  enrichir sĂ©mantiquement le message pour Ă©viter tout type d’ambiguĂŻtĂ©. Le fonctionnement de PROMES est basĂ© principalement sur deux algorithmes ; un algorithme de transformation textuelle, et par la suite, un algorithme de transformation sĂ©mantique. Ainsi, nous avons instanciĂ© l’ontologie POLARISCO avec des donnĂ©es rĂ©elles de la rĂ©ponse aux attaques terroristes de Paris en 2015 afin d’évaluer l’ontologie et le service de messagerie. Le troisiĂšme et dernier enjeu est de proposer un service d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision multicritĂšre qui permet de proposer des stratĂ©gies d’évacuation des victimes aprĂšs le lancement du plan blanc. L’objectif est de trouver les structures hospitaliĂšres les plus adaptĂ©es Ă  l’état de la victime. Le choix de l’hĂŽpital le plus appropriĂ© dĂ©pend de la durĂ©e du transport, et surtout de la disponibilitĂ© des ressources matĂ©rielles et humaines, de façon Ă  prendre en charge les victimes le plus rapide que possible. Notre Ă©tude comprend deux Ă©tapes : la premiĂšre Ă©tape consiste Ă  dĂ©velopper un module ontologique qui associe Ă  chaque pathologie les ressources indispensables pour une meilleure prise en charge des victimes selon leurs Ă©tats. La deuxiĂšme Ă©tape consiste Ă  dĂ©velopper un algorithme qui permet de vĂ©rifier la disponibilitĂ© des ressources nĂ©cessaires, calculer le temps d’attente pour que la victime soit prise en charge dans chaque hĂŽpital et par la suite choisir l’hĂŽpital le plus appropri

    A modular ontology for semantically enhanced interoperability in operational disaster response

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    Up to now, the world has witnessed how inadequate communication capabilities can adversely affect disaster response efforts. There are various Emergency Responders (ERs) that potentially must work together towards a successful resolution of the disaster. However, the different terminologies and technical vocabularies that are being exchanged between the ERs may lead to a misunderstanding and lack of semantic integrity. Yet, understanding the semantics of the exchanged data is one of the major challenges. The purpose of this work is to define the complex knowledge of the ERs by proposing a common and modular ontology shared by all the stakeholders so as to come up with a common shared vocabulary in order to ensure semantic interoperability between ERs. In this paper, we present POLARISCO and we discuss how it was developed using Basic Formal Ontology as an upperlevel ontology and Common Core Ontology as a mid-level ontology to define each module

    Semantic coupling of path planning and a primitive action of a task plan for the simulation of manipulation tasks in a virtual 3D environment

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    This work deals with the simulation of complex manipulation tasks in virtual environments. Validating such complex tasks, possibly to be performed under strong geometric constraints, requires considering task and path planning jointly. The contribution of this work focuses on using task-related information at the path planning level. We propose an ontology-based approach to a) model the 3D environment where the simulated task is executed, based on an original multi-level environment model involving higher abstraction level data than the purely geometric models traditionally used, and b) automatically define path planning queries for the primitive ctions of a task plan, together with task-related geometric constraints on these queries. This approach allows the improvement of the state of the art from two points of view. First, our joint task and path planning approach allows the improvement of path planning through better semantic control of the path planning process. Second, if compared to hard-coded geometric constraints, the proposed ontology-based approach introduces a more flexible ay of defining geometric constraints through an inference process, and can be adapted to different applications of manipulation tasks

    PROMES: An ontology‐based messaging service for semantically interoperable information exchange during disaster response

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    Disaster response requires the cooperation of multiple emergency responder organizations (EROs). However, after‐action reports relating to large‐scale disasters identity communication difficulties among EROs as a major hindrance to collaboration. On the one hand, the use of two‐radio communication, based on multiple orthogonal frequencies and uneven coverage, has been shown to degrade inter‐organization communication. On the other hand, because they reflect different areas of expertise, EROs use differing terminologies, which are difficult to reconcile. These issues lead to ambiguities, misunderstandings, and inefficient exchange of data and information among those involved, which can impede the response process and slow decision making. We, therefore, hypothesize that promoting semantic interoperability across ERO information systems might improve information exchange among stakeholders and thereby allow a more coherent response to the disaster. We propose an ontology‐based messaging service on the basis of the Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) standards. The parties involved will continue to use the terminologies to which they are accustomed, but the system will resolve inconsistencies and thereby enhance mutual understanding among EROs by ensuring semantic translation of the exchanged information. The evaluation of the semantic translation demonstrated the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed service

    An ontological approach to enhancing information sharing in disaster response

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    Managing complex disaster situations is a challenging task because of the large number of actors involved and the critical nature of the events themselves. In particular, the different terminologies and technical vocabularies that are being exchanged among Emergency Responders may lead to misunderstandings. Maintaining a shared semantics for exchanged data is a major challenge. To help to overcome these issues, we elaborate a modular suite of ontologies called POLARISCO that formalizes the complex knowledge of the ERs. Such a shared vocabulary resolves inconsistent terminologies and promotes semantic interoperability among ERs. In this work, we discuss developing POLARISCO as an extension of Basic Formal Ontology and the Common Core Ontologies. We conclude by presenting a real use-case to check the efficiency and applicability of the proposed ontology

    A Semantics-Based Common Operational Command System for Multiagency Disaster Response

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    Disaster response is a highly collaborative and critical process that requires the involvement of multiple emergency responders (ERs), ideally working together under a unified command, to enable a rapid and effective operational response. Following the 9/11 and 11/13 terrorist attacks and the devastation of hurricanes Katrina and Rita, it is apparent that inadequate communication and a lack of interoperability among the ERs engaged on-site can adversely affect disaster response efforts. Within this context, we present a scenario-based terrorism case study to highlight the challenges of operational disaster command and response. In this article, which is based on the French emergency response doctrine, we outline a semantics-based common operational command system that is designed to guarantee an efficient information flow among ERs. Our focus is on offering to all ERs, a real-time operational picture of the situation in order to enable multilevel coordination among firefighters, police, healthcare units, public authorities, and other stakeholders. Our approach consolidates information to promote timely sharing of data among ERs. The proposed system is based on an ontology that has been developed to represent the different types of knowledge on the part of ERs, providing a shared vocabulary that covers a variety of interoperability concerns

    Ontology-driven multicriteria decision support for victim evacuation

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    Abstract In light of the complexity of unfolding disasters, the diversity of rapidly evolving events, the enormous amount of generated information, and the huge pool of casualties, emergency responders (ERs) may be overwhelmed and in consequence poor decisions may be made. In fact, the possibility of transporting the wounded victims to one of several hospitals and the dynamic changes in healthcare resource availability make the decision process more complex. To tackle this problem, we propose a multicriteria decision support service, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, that aims to avoid overcrowding and outpacing the capacity of a hospital to effectively provide the best care to victims by finding out the most appropriate hospital that meets the victims’ needs. The proposed approach searches for the most appropriate healthcare institution that can effectively deal with the victims’ needs by considering the availability of the needed resources in the hospital, the victim’s wait time to receive the healthcare, and the transfer time that represents the hospital proximity to the disaster site. The evaluation and validation results showed that the assignment of hospitals was done successfully considering the needs of each victim and without overwhelming any single hospital

    Contribution des services dirigĂ©s par l’ontologie pour l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© de la gestion opĂ©rationnelle multi-acteurs des situations des crises

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    La gestion opĂ©rationnelle de situations de crise nĂ©cessite, selon l’importance et l’étendue de la crise, la mobilisation rapide et la coordination des diffĂ©rents services de secours. Malheureusement, cette coordination interservices est un exercice trĂšs dĂ©licat du fait de la diversitĂ© des acteurs intervenant sur le terrain et de l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des diffĂ©rentes organisations. Aujourd’hui, il y a un manque de coordination, l’information n’est que trĂšs peu partagĂ©e entre les acteurs opĂ©rationnels et la communication n’est pas formalisĂ©e. Ces inconvĂ©nients conduisent au dysfonctionnement des rĂ©ponses aux situations de crise. Afin de mieux rĂ©pondre aux situations de crise, nous proposons POLARISC, une plateforme interopĂ©rable de coordination interservices pour la gestion opĂ©rationnelle de catastrophes visualisant en temps rĂ©el le thĂ©Ăątre des opĂ©rations. L’objectif de POLARISC est d’aider Ă  la dĂ©cision quel que soit le niveau de commandement. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, le premier enjeu de cette thĂšse est de garantir une interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique entre les diffĂ©rents acteurs mĂ©tiers pour assurer l’échange et le partage des informations. À cet Ă©gard, l’idĂ©e est de formaliser sĂ©mantiquement les connaissances des acteurs mĂ©tiers de la gestion opĂ©rationnelle Ă  l’aide des ontologies. En effet, nous proposons une approche fĂ©dĂ©rĂ©e qui reprĂ©sente les donnĂ©es, les services, les processus et les mĂ©tiers de chaque acteur. Nous avons modĂ©lisĂ© les connaissances des acteurs de secours en dĂ©veloppant une ontologie modulaire (POLARISCO) comportant un module ontologique pour chaque acteur de secours et intĂ©grĂ© ces derniers pour proposer un vocabulaire partagĂ©. L’utilisation des ontologies de haut niveaux et des ontologies intermĂ©diaires, respectivement « Basic Formel Ontology » et « Common Core Ontologies », facilitent l’intĂ©gration de ces modules et de leurs mappings. Le deuxiĂšme enjeu est d’exploiter ces ontologies afin de diminuer l’ambigĂŒitĂ© et d’éviter la mal interprĂ©tation des informations Ă©changĂ©es. Par consĂ©quent, nous proposons un service de messagerie appelĂ© PROMES transformant sĂ©mantiquement le message envoyĂ© par un acteur Ă©metteur selon le module ontologique de l’acteur destinataire. En effet, PROMES se base sur l’ontologie POLARISCO et sert Ă  enrichir sĂ©mantiquement le message pour Ă©viter tout type d’ambiguĂŻtĂ©. Le fonctionnement de PROMES est basĂ© principalement sur deux algorithmes ; un algorithme de transformation textuelle, et par la suite, un algorithme de transformation sĂ©mantique. Ainsi, nous avons instanciĂ© l’ontologie POLARISCO avec des donnĂ©es rĂ©elles de la rĂ©ponse aux attaques terroristes de Paris en 2015 afin d’évaluer l’ontologie et le service de messagerie. Le troisiĂšme et dernier enjeu est de proposer un service d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision multicritĂšre qui permet de proposer des stratĂ©gies d’évacuation des victimes aprĂšs le lancement du plan blanc. L’objectif est de trouver les structures hospitaliĂšres les plus adaptĂ©es Ă  l’état de la victime. Le choix de l’hĂŽpital le plus appropriĂ© dĂ©pend de la durĂ©e du transport, et surtout de la disponibilitĂ© des ressources matĂ©rielles et humaines, de façon Ă  prendre en charge les victimes le plus rapide que possible. Notre Ă©tude comprend deux Ă©tapes : la premiĂšre Ă©tape consiste Ă  dĂ©velopper un module ontologique qui associe Ă  chaque pathologie les ressources indispensables pour une meilleure prise en charge des victimes selon leurs Ă©tats. La deuxiĂšme Ă©tape consiste Ă  dĂ©velopper un algorithme qui permet de vĂ©rifier la disponibilitĂ© des ressources nĂ©cessaires, calculer le temps d’attente pour que la victime soit prise en charge dans chaque hĂŽpital et par la suite choisir l’hĂŽpital le plus appropriĂ©Disaster response is a highly collaborative and critical process that requires the involvement of multiple emergency responders (ERs) ideally working together under a unified command to enable a rapid and effective operational response. It is a challenging task mainly because of the heterogeneity of the involved stakeholders and the critical nature of such event. Various ERs from different organizations must work together toward a successful resolution of the disaster. According to ERs reports and feedbacks, it is apparent that inadequate communication and a lack of information sharing among the ERs engaged on-site can adversely affect disaster response efforts. Within this context, we propose POLARISC, an interoperable inter-services software solution for reliable and timely information sharing for the operational management of large-scale disasters. The focus is on offering to all ERs a real-time operation picture of the situation in order to ensure effective collaboration and coordination among stakeholders. Accordingly, the first objective of this work is to capture the semantics of ERs knowledge. To do so, we propose an ontology that defines the knowledge of French emergency response doctrine, providing a shared vocabulary that covers a variety of interoperability concerns including data, services, processes, and business of each stakeholder. Because the diversity of ERs’ vocabularies was bound, naturally, to complicate the design of the ontology, we adopted the principle of modularization. The idea is to develop separate ontological modules, one for each stakeholder. Furthermore, we used the upper-level ontology Basic Formal Ontology, as well as the suite of Common Core Ontologies, which serve as a suite of mid-level ontologies for our ontology modules. The use of upper-level ontologies facilitates the alignment among the different ontological modules and promotes data interoperability. Once the modular ontology POLARISCO is developed, we defined the mapping between the different modules. One strong point of the adopted ontological approach is that POLARISCO is tested by means of real data and validated by stakeholders and emergency experts. The second objective is to exploit the proposed ontology in order to guarantee a shared and semantically unambiguous information exchange across ERs. To do so, we propose an ontologybased messaging service, namely PROMES, performing the semantic translation of the information to be exchanged. Each stakeholder will receive the message according to his own vocabulary and with his own semantics. The semantic transformation of the message is based on the mapping that exists among stakeholders modules as defined in POLARISCO. PROMES is based on two algorithms; a textual transformation algorithm and then a semantic transformation algorithm. Using PROMES, it becomes possible for two ERs from different organizations to communicate meaningfully and with less ambiguity. To evaluate the proposed approach, POLARISCO is instantiated using real data of the 11/13 Paris terrorist attacks. The third and final objective is to propose a multi-criteria decision support service that supports ERs during victims’ evacuation. The aim is to find the most appropriate healthcare institution according to the victims’ states. The selection of the hospital depends, on the transport time, and on the availability of the needed resources including materials and staff. To do so, we propose, first, an ontological module that associates to each pathology the needed resources. Then, we propose an algorithm to check the availability of those resources, calculate the waiting time to receive medical care in each hospital, and then select the most appropriate hospital

    An Ontological Approach to Enhancing Information Sharing in Disaster Response

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    Managing complex disaster situations is a challenging task because of the large number of actors involved and the critical nature of the events themselves. In particular, the different terminologies and technical vocabularies that are being exchanged among Emergency Responders (ERs) may lead to misunderstandings. Maintaining a shared semantics for exchanged data is a major challenge. To help to overcome these issues, we elaborate a modular suite of ontologies called POLARISCO that formalizes the complex knowledge of the ERs. Such a shared vocabulary resolves inconsistent terminologies and promotes semantic interoperability among ERs. In this work, we discuss developing POLARISCO as an extension of Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and the Common Core Ontologies (CCO). We conclude by presenting a real use-case to check the efficiency and applicability of the proposed ontology

    UN SYSTÈME SOCIO-CYBER PHYSIQUE BASÉ SUR UN RÉSEAU-INFOCENTRÉ POUR LA COLLECTE MOBILE DE SANG

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    International audienceLa collecte du sang est organisĂ©e par des centres de transfusion sanguine (CTSs) dont l'objectif est de recueillir la quantitĂ© de sang nĂ©cessaire pour rĂ©pondre Ă  la demande. Actuellement, les quantitĂ©s de poches de sang collectĂ©es au niveau d'un centre de transfusion sanguine (CTS) restent insuffisantes face Ă  l'importance de la demande. Pour y faire face, certains CTSs, en collaboration avec des associations, ont souvent recours Ă  la collecte mobile du don de sang qui offre l'avantage d'augmenter les niveaux de collecte de sang pour arriver Ă  satisfaire les besoins nationaux, de par la diversitĂ© des emplacements qui permet d'ĂȘtre le plus proche possible de la population, et des quantitĂ©s de sang qui peuvent ĂȘtre collectĂ©es. Toutefois certains paramĂštres doivent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©s dans ce processus de collecte qui reste traditionnel et non digitalisĂ©, ce qui peut limiter la prise de dĂ©cision dans le choix des diffĂ©rents emplacements du centre mobile, mais aussi dans la connaissance de la capacitĂ© de ses ressources et du temps d'attente parfois trop long pour les donneurs de sang. Dans cet article, nous proposons une nouvelle mĂ©thodologie qui consiste Ă  digitaliser le processus de collecte mobile, Ă  rendre le systĂšme plus intelligent pour une meilleure planification de la collecte en se basant sur un systĂšme socio-cyber physique (CPSS) qui s'inspire de l'approche rĂ©seau infocentrĂ© (centric network). Le dĂ©fi Ă  travers cette mĂ©thodologie est de rendre le processus de dĂ©cision plus intelligent en ce qui concerne le choix des Ă©ventuels emplacements de collecte, et le partage de l'information avec les donneurs potentiels
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